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cng full form

Cng full form : Energy, History, Advantages and more

by Sonal Shukla

Compressed natural gas is a fuel gas derived from gasoline composed primarily of methane (CH4), which is compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored and distributed in rigid containers at pressures of 20–25 MPa (2,900–3,600 psi), usually in a cylindrical or spherical shape.

Where was CNG gas invented?

CNG gas was invented or discovered in America around 1800. After this, it started being used in India and other countries. A lot of research was done on this natural gas and it was found that it produces less pollution than other fuels, since then emphasis started on its use. Natural gas is dehydrated, filtered to remove dust, and desulfurized, and then compressed by a compressor to a gas below 20MPa (200 Bar) to form CNG.

What is the Full form of CNG?

The full form of CNG is Compressed Natural Gas. CNG is a fuel that can be used in the replacement of Diesel, Petrol, and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). The burning of CNG produces less toxic gases than the fuel mentioned earlier. Natural gas offers less risk in terms of leakage than other liquids, as it is lighter than air and disintegrates rapidly once released.

Energy density

The energy density of CNG is similar to that of liquefied natural gas at 53.6 MJ/kg. Its volumetric energy density, 9 MJ/L, is 42 % of LNG (22 MJ/L) because it is not liquefied, and is 25 percent that of diesel fuel.

Brief History of CNG:

The use of natural gas as a fuel for vehicles began in the late 1800s. The first natural gas vehicle was patented in the United States and shortly after World War II, Italy, and several other European countries adopted CNG as the primary fuel.

CNG is found on top of oil reserves. It can also be collected from landfills and wastewater treatment plants. It is made by compressing natural gas to less than one percent of its standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored and distributed in very rigid spherical or cylindrical containers under a pressure of 20-25 MPa.

Properties of CNG

  • The primary use in vehicles is in place of gas.
  • Methane is the main component of CNG.
  • It generally produces few greenhouse gases.
  • It is very healthy as it easily disintegrates in the wind.
  • CNG is mainly obtained from natural gas wells, coal wells, bed methane wells, and oil wells.
  • CNG is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless compound with non-corrosive and non-toxic properties.

How is CNG stored?

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is filled in bottles of different sizes and in varying amounts in vehicles. The bottles are made of materials such as steel and carbon fiber. Each liter in steel bottles weighs 1 kg. Whereas each liter in carbon fiber bottles weighs 0.380 kg.

Advantages of CNG

  • It is cheaper than its other option eg. Petrol and diesel which are used to drive buses, cars, and other automobiles.
  • The maintenance cost of CNG-powered vehicles is less as compared to petrol and diesel-powered vehicles.
  • It is more eco-friendly as it emits less undesirable and harmful gases as compared to other alternatives i.e. diesel and petrol.
  • This extends the life of the lubricant oils as it does not contaminate and dilute the crankcase oil.
  • It provides a high auto-ignition temperature of 540 °C or more.

Disadvantages of CNG

  • CNG vehicles require more space for fuel storage than petrol-powered vehicles.
  • The release of unburned methane as natural gas is significant (methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas).
  • Has a low energy density.
  • There is limited availability of CNG stations.
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